light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.
Assemblies of solar cells are used to make solar modules which are used to capture energy from sunlight. When multiple modules are assembled together (such as prior to installation on a pole-mounted tracker system), the resulting integrated group of modules all oriented in one plane is referred to in the solar industry as a solar panel. The general public and some casual writers often refer to solar modules incorrectly as solar panels; technically this is not the correct usage of terminology. Nevertheless, both designations are seen in regular use, in reference to what are actually solar modules. The distinction between a module and a panel is that a module cannot be disassembled into smaller re-usable components in the field, whereas a solar panel is assembled from, and can be disassembled back into a stack of solar modules. The electrical energy generated from solar modules, referred to as solar power, is an example of solar energy.
Photovoltaics is the field of technology and research related to the practical application of photovoltaic cells in producing electricity from light, though it is often used specifically to refer to the generation of electricity from sunlight.
Cells are described as photovoltaic cells when the light source is not necessarily sunlight. These are used for detecting light or other electromagnetic radiation near the visible range, for example infrared detectors, or measurement of light intensity.
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