Atmospheric Environment (1967)
Volume 12, Issues 1–3, 1978, Pages 691–698
Proceedings of the International Symposium
The influence of clouds and rain on the vertical distribution of sulfur dioxide in a one-dimensional steady-state model
G. Gravenhorst,
Th. Janssen-Schmidt,
D.H. Ehhalt
Institut für Atmosphärische Chemie der Kernforschungsanlage Jülich, D-5170 Jülich, West Germany
E.P. Röth
Universität Essen, GHSGermany
Received 26 August 1977. Revised 27 September 1977. Available online 15 April 2003.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(78)90249-4, How to Cite or Link Using DOI
Cited by in Scopus (
Permissions & Reprints
View full text
Purchase
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract
It was attempted to include wet chemical removal rates for sulfur dioxide in a one-dimensional steady-state model. The interactions with liquid water were separated into the removal of absorbed sulfur dioxide by rain and into the formation of sulfate in cloud- and rain-water. The chemical reaction rates and the gas-phase diffusion are fast compared to cloud- and rain-formation so that equilibrium conditions between gas-phase and liquid-phase were assumed The most sensitive parameters affecting the wet chemical removal of SO2 seem to be the pH value of rain-water and the formation rate of sulfate in atmospheric water. The gas-phase destruction proceeds predominantly through the oxidation by OH radicals. The calculated SO2 volume mixing ratio decreases from 1 ppb at the ground level to ca. 0.01 ppb in 15 km altitude. Integrated over a vertical column the gas-phase destruction is about 2 times larger than wet chemical removal. The relative proportions, however, depend strongly on the chosen parameters for rain- and cloud-water. The direct SO2 deposition onto the ground seems to be larger than the sum of the removal rates within the atmosphere
الرئيسية 
